Njira Yodalirika ya Matenda a Neurodegenerative: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Kumvetsetsa Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

HBOT nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu pamwamba pa 1 absolute atmosphere (ATA) - kupanikizika pamtunda wa nyanja - kwa nthawi ya 90-120 mphindi, nthawi zambiri zimafuna magawo angapo malinga ndi momwe akuchitidwira. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wowonjezereka kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino m'maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a tsinde achuluke ndikuwonjezera machiritso omwe amathandizidwa ndi zinthu zina za kukula.

Poyambirira, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa HBOT kunakhazikitsidwa pa lamulo la Boyle-Marriott, lomwe limapangitsa kuchepetsa kudalira kwa mpweya wa mpweya, kuphatikizapo ubwino wa mpweya wambiri wa okosijeni mu minofu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda omwe amadziwika kuti amapindula ndi dziko la hyperoxic lopangidwa ndi HBOT, kuphatikizapo minofu ya necrotic, kuvulala kwa ma radiation, kupwetekedwa mtima, kuwotcha, compartment syndrome, ndi gangrene, pakati pa ena olembedwa ndi Undersea ndi Hyperbaric Medical Society. Makamaka, HBOT yawonetsanso mphamvu ngati chithandizo chothandizira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotupa kapena matenda opatsirana, monga colitis ndi sepsis. Chifukwa cha njira zake zolimbana ndi kutupa komanso okosijeni, HBOT imapereka kuthekera kwakukulu ngati njira yochizira matenda a neurodegenerative.

 

Maphunziro a Preclinical a Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy mu Neurodegenerative Diseases: Malingaliro ochokera ku 3 × Tg Mouse Model

Chimodzi mwa maphunziro odziwikainayang'ana kwambiri pa mbewa ya 3 × Tg ya matenda a Alzheimer's (AD), omwe adawonetsa kuthekera kwachire kwa HBOT pakuchepetsa kuperewera kwa chidziwitso. Kafukufukuyu anakhudza mbewa zamphongo za 3 × Tg za miyezi ya 17 poyerekeza ndi mbewa zamphongo za 14 C57BL / 6 zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati zowongolera. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti HBOT sinangopititsa patsogolo chidziwitso komanso idachepetsa kwambiri kutupa, plaque load, ndi Tau phosphorylation-njira yovuta yokhudzana ndi matenda a AD.

Zotsatira zoteteza za HBOT zidanenedwa ndi kuchepa kwa neuroinflammation. Izi zinatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma microglial, astrogliosis, ndi kutulutsa kwa ma cytokines oyambitsa kutupa. Zotsatirazi zikugogomezera ntchito ziwiri za HBOT popititsa patsogolo chidziwitso chazidziwitso pomwe nthawi yomweyo imachepetsa njira zotupa za neuroinflammatory zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Chitsanzo china chodziwika bwino chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mbewa za 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) kuti ziwone njira zotetezera za HBOT pa ntchito ya neuronal ndi mphamvu zamagalimoto. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti HBOT idathandizira kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto ndi mphamvu zogwira mu mbewa izi, zogwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa siginecha ya mitochondrial biogenesis, makamaka kudzera mu kuyambitsa kwa SIRT-1, PGC-1α, ndi TFAM. Izi zikuwonetsa gawo lalikulu la ntchito ya mitochondrial mu zotsatira za neuroprotective za HBOT.

 

Njira za HBOT mu Neurodegenerative Diseases

Mfundo yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito HBOT ya NDDs ili paubwenzi pakati pa kuchepa kwa mpweya wabwino komanso kutengeka kwa kusintha kwa neurodegenerative. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati chinthu cholembera chomwe chimathandizira kuti ma cell azitha kuvutitsidwa ndi mpweya wochepa ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi ma NDD osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza AD, PD, Matenda a Huntington, ndi ALS, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pamankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chifukwa chaukalamba kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda angapo a neurodegenerative, kufufuza momwe HBOT imakhudzira ukalamba wa neurobiology ndikofunikira. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti HBOT ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kuperewera kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi ukalamba mu maphunziro achikulire athanzi.Kuonjezera apo, odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la kukumbukira amawonetsa kusintha kwachidziwitso komanso kuwonjezeka kwa magazi muubongo pambuyo pokumana ndi HBOT.

 

1. Zotsatira za HBOT pa Kutupa ndi Kupanikizika kwa Oxidative

HBOT yawonetsa kuthekera kochepetsera neuroinflammation mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu muubongo. Amakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera ma cytokines oyambitsa kutupa (monga IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, ndi IFNγ) pomwe akuwongolera anti-inflammatory cytokines (monga IL-10). Ofufuza ena amati mitundu ya okosijeni yokhazikika (ROS) yopangidwa ndi HBOT imayimira zopindulitsa zingapo za mankhwalawa. Chifukwa chake, kupatulapo kudalira kwake kuchepetsa kuwira kwa mpweya komanso kupeza mpweya wambiri wa okosijeni, zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi HBOT zimadalira pang'ono ntchito za thupi za ROS yopangidwa.

2. Zotsatira za HBOT pa Apoptosis ndi Neuroprotection

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti HBOT imatha kuchepetsa hippocampal phosphorylation ya p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), kenako imathandizira kuzindikira ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa hippocampal. Zonse ziwiri zoyima za HBOT komanso kuphatikiza ndi Ginkgo biloba extract zapezeka kuti zimachepetsa mawu a Bax ndi ntchito ya caspase-9/3, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa apoptosis mumitundu ya makoswe opangidwa ndi aβ25-35. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti HBOT preconditioning idapangitsa kulolerana ndi cerebral ischemia, ndi njira zomwe zimaphatikizira kuwonjezereka kwa SIRT1 mawu, pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ndikuchepetsa caspase-3 yogwira, kutsimikizira mphamvu ya HBOT ya neuroprotective ndi anti-apoptotic.

3. Chikoka cha HBOT pa Kuzungulira ndiNeurogenesis

Kuwonetsa anthu ku HBOT kwalumikizidwa ndi zotsatira zingapo pa cranial vascular system, kuphatikiza kupititsa patsogolo kutsekeka kwa chotchinga chamagazi muubongo, kulimbikitsa angiogenesis, ndi kuchepetsa edema. Kuphatikiza pakupereka mpweya wowonjezera ku minofu, HBOTamalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mitsemphapoyambitsa zinthu zolembera monga vascular endothelial growth factor komanso polimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo a neural stem.

4. Epigenetic Zotsatira za HBOT

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwonetseredwa kwa maselo amtundu wa microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) ku hyperbaric oxygen imayang'anira kwambiri majini a 8,101, kuphatikizapo mafotokozedwe ovomerezeka ndi otsika, kuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa jini yokhudzana ndi njira zoyankhira antioxidant.