Njira Yodalirika Yothandizira Matenda Osauka a Mitsempha: Chithandizo cha Oxygen cha Hyperbaric

Kumvetsetsa Mankhwala Ochepetsa Mpweya Oipa (HBOT)

HBOT nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kukweza kupanikizika kupita ku mpweya woposa 1 absolute atmosphere (ATA) — kupanikizika panyanja — kwa mphindi 90-120, nthawi zambiri kumafuna magawo angapo kutengera vuto lomwe likuchiritsidwa. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kowonjezereka kumathandizira kuti mpweya uperekedwe ku maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo oyambira achuluke komanso kuti machiritso azichitika chifukwa cha zinthu zina zomwe zikukula.

Poyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito HBOT kunakhazikitsidwa pa lamulo la Boyle-Marriott, lomwe limapereka kuchepa kwa mpweya woipa chifukwa cha kupanikizika, pamodzi ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri m'maselo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda omwe amadziwika kuti amapindula ndi mkhalidwe wa hyperoxic womwe umabwera chifukwa cha HBOT, kuphatikizapo minofu yotupa, kuvulala kwa radiation, kuvulala, kuwotcha, compartment syndrome, ndi gangrene ya gas, pakati pa ena omwe alembedwa ndi Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, HBOT yawonetsanso kuti ndi yothandiza ngati chithandizo chowonjezera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda opatsirana kapena otupa, monga colitis ndi sepsis. Popeza njira zake zotsutsana ndi kutupa komanso oxidative, HBOT imapereka mwayi waukulu ngati njira yochiritsira matenda a neurodegenerative.

 

Maphunziro Oyambirira a Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy mu Matenda a Neurodegenerative: Chidziwitso kuchokera ku 3 × Tg Mouse Model

Chimodzi mwa maphunziro odziwika bwinoYang'anani kwambiri pa chitsanzo cha mbewa cha 3×Tg cha matenda a Alzheimer's (AD), chomwe chinawonetsa kuthekera kwa HBOT kuchiritsa kusowa kwa chidziwitso. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza mbewa zazimuna za miyezi 17 zokhala ndi 3×Tg poyerekeza ndi mbewa zazimuna za miyezi 14 za C57BL/6 zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati zowongolera. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti HBOT sinangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito a chidziwitso komanso inachepetsa kwambiri kutupa, kuchuluka kwa ma plaque, ndi phosphorylation ya Tau—njira yofunika kwambiri yokhudzana ndi matenda a AD.

Zotsatira zoteteza za HBOT zinayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kutupa kwa mitsempha ya m'magazi. Izi zinawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma microglial, astrogliosis, komanso kutulutsa ma cytokines oyambitsa kutupa. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugogomezera ntchito ziwiri za HBOT pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a ubongo komanso nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa njira zotupa za mitsempha zokhudzana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Chitsanzo china chokonzekera kuchipatala chinagwiritsa ntchito mbewa za 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) kuti ziwunikire njira zotetezera za HBOT pa ntchito ya mitsempha ndi mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka thupi. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti HBOT inathandizira kukulitsa ntchito ya kayendedwe ka thupi ndi mphamvu ya kugwira m'makoswe awa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiro cha mitochondrial biogenesis, makamaka kudzera mu kuyatsa kwa SIRT-1, PGC-1α, ndi TFAM. Izi zikuwonetsa gawo lofunika la ntchito ya mitochondrial pa zotsatira za chitetezo cha mitsempha cha HBOT.

 

Njira za HBOT mu Matenda a Neurodegenerative

Mfundo yaikulu yogwiritsira ntchito HBOT pa matenda a NDD ili mu ubale pakati pa kuchepa kwa mpweya ndi kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa mitsempha. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) imagwira ntchito yayikulu ngati transcription factor yomwe imalola maselo kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi kutsika kwa mpweya ndipo yakhala ikukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a NDD kuphatikizapo AD, PD, Huntington's Disease, ndi ALS, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chandamale chofunikira kwambiri pa mankhwala.

Popeza ukalamba ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa chiopsezo cha matenda ambiri a mitsempha, kufufuza momwe HBOT imakhudzira ukalamba wa mitsempha ndikofunikira. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti HBOT ikhoza kuchepetsa mavuto a maganizo okhudzana ndi ukalamba mwa anthu achikulire athanzi.Kuphatikiza apo, odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la kukumbukira zinthu adawonetsa kusintha kwa chidziwitso komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi muubongo atakumana ndi HBOT.

 

1. Zotsatira za HBOT pa Kutupa ndi Kupsinjika kwa Oxidative

HBOT yawonetsa kuthekera kochepetsa kutupa kwa mitsempha mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la ubongo. Ili ndi mphamvu yochepetsa ma cytokines oyambitsa kutupa (monga IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, ndi IFNγ) pomwe ikuwongolera ma cytokines oletsa kutupa (monga IL-10). Ofufuza ena amanena kuti mitundu ya okosijeni yogwira ntchito (ROS) yopangidwa ndi HBOT imabweretsa zotsatira zabwino zingapo za mankhwalawa. Chifukwa chake, kupatula mphamvu yake yochepetsera kupanikizika komanso kupeza mpweya wambiri m'thupi, zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi HBOT zimadalira pang'ono ntchito za thupi za ROS yopangidwayo.

2. Zotsatira za HBOT pa Apoptosis ndi Neuroprotection

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti HBOT ikhoza kuchepetsa phosphorylation ya p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mu hippocampal, kenako n’kuthandiza kuzindikira ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa hippocampal. Zapezeka kuti HBOT yodziyimira payokha komanso kuphatikiza ndi Ginkgo biloba extract kumachepetsa kufalikira kwa Bax ndi ntchito ya caspase-9/3, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa apoptosis m’makoswe omwe amayambitsidwa ndi aβ25-35 kuchepe. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti HBOT imayambitsa kulekerera kwa ischemia ya ubongo, ndi njira zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa SIRT1, pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) komanso kuchepa kwa caspase-3 yogwira ntchito, zomwe zikuwonetsa mphamvu za HBOT zoteteza mitsempha komanso zotsutsana ndi apoptotic.

3. Mphamvu ya HBOT pa Kuyenda kwa Magazi ndiKubadwa kwa mitsempha

Kukumana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi HBOT kwakhala kukugwirizana ndi zotsatira zambiri pa dongosolo la mitsempha ya m'mutu, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera kutseguka kwa magazi muubongo, kulimbikitsa angiogenesis, komanso kuchepetsa kutupa. Kuwonjezera pa kupereka mpweya wochuluka ku minofu, HBOTimalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mitsempha yamagazimwa kuyambitsa zinthu zolembera monga vascular endothelial growth factor komanso mwa kulimbikitsa kuchulukana kwa maselo oyambira a mitsempha.

4. Zotsatira za Epigenetic za HBOT

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kupezeka kwa maselo a endothelial a anthu (HMEC-1) ku mpweya wa hyperbaric kumawongolera kwambiri majini 8,101, kuphatikizapo kukwera ndi kuchepa kwa ma gene, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa ma gene okhudzana ndi njira zothanirana ndi ma antioxidants.